Ukraine’s spy chief said Saturday that Russia’s increased production of guided bombs as well as artillery ammunition deliveries from North Korea present major problems for Ukrainian forces on the battlefield.

The head of Ukraine’s military intelligence agency GUR, Kyrylo Budanov, said North Korean military aid to Russia presented the biggest concern compared to support provided by Moscow’s other allies.

“They supply huge amounts of artillery ammunition, which is critical for Russia,” he said, pointing to the ramp up in the battlefield hostilities following such deliveries.

Ukraine and the United States, among other countries and independent analysts, say North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is helping Russia in the war against Ukraine by supplying missiles and ammunition in return for economic and other military assistance from Moscow.

Russia’s boost in the production of guided bombs also presented a “huge problem for the front line,” Budanov said at the Yalta European Strategy conference organized by the Victor Pinchuk Foundation in Kyiv.

Ukraine’s forces are stretched thin more than 30 months into the full-scale invasion, working to stave off Russian advance toward key towns in the country’s east. Ukrainian forces have also made an incursion into the western Russian region of Kursk.

A ramp up in the production of the Iskander-type missiles has resulted in Russia’s “massive use” of weapons to attack Ukraine, Budanov said.

This year’s strikes on Ukraine’s critical infrastructure have caused significant damage to the country’s power grid, leading to power cuts. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has renewed pleas for air defense support from Ukraine’s allies.

Budanov said Russian internal planning showed that Moscow will face a recruitment crunch in the middle of next year.

“During this period (summer 2025) they will face a dilemma: either to declare mobilization or to somehow reduce the intensity of hostilities, which may ultimately be critical for them,” Budanov said.