Last week, China’s establishment of a new scientific research facility in Antarctica has sparked discussions about the intent and consequences of the country’s growing presence on the continent.

Located on Inexpressible Island in the Ross Sea, Qinling Station is China’s third research facility and fifth scientific base on the continent that remains operational throughout the year. According to Chinese state broadcaster CGTN, the station spans 5,244 square meters (6,272 square yards) and can accommodate up to 80 individuals during the summer season.

The Qinling Station is located in close proximity to the U.S. McMurdo Station and is situated just below Australia. According to a report from the Center for Strategic and International Studies released in April, its strategic location could potentially enable China to intercept signals intelligence from allied nations such as Australia and New Zealand, as well as obtain telemetry data from rockets launched from newly developed space facilities in these countries.

Certain analysts suggest that although Qinling Station was constructed for scientific endeavors, there are some functionalities that could potentially have both civilian and military applications.

According to Brian Hart, a member of the China Power Project at CSIS, China may be able to use some of its resources and abilities for military or intelligence gathering intentions. He shared this information with VOA during a phone conversation.

China perceives the frigid continent as a crucial strategic frontier, which is why they are constantly constructing new Antarctic research bases, according to his statement.

According to Hart, China aims to establish itself as a global leader on par with the U.S. by being at the forefront of a region that is not directly adjacent to China. This involves establishing research bases in Antarctica in order to gain influence in the governance of the continent in the long term.

The Chinese Foreign Ministry addressed concerns about the possibility of China gathering intelligence on Australia and New Zealand through the station, stating that the base is constructed and managed in accordance with international regulations and protocols.

During the daily press conference on February 7th, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wen-bin stated that the station will aid in enhancing humanity’s knowledge of the Antarctic, serve as a base for collaborative scientific exploration and coordination between China and other nations, and promote peace and sustainable development in the region.

Although Beijing has restated that their station follows the regulations of the Antarctic Treaty, which prohibits the use of the continent for military purposes, a number of specialists argue that China’s practice of constructing research stations throughout Antarctica brings up valid concerns about their notable presence on the continent.

According to Professor Donald Rothwell from Australian National University, China’s approach to constructing research facilities in Antarctica brings up concerns about their adherence to the Antarctic Treaty and the possibility of making a territorial claim in the region.

According to Rothwell, China’s goal of becoming a major polar power is reflected in their quick establishment of research bases in Antarctica.

In recent years, China has aimed to establish itself as a significant participant in polar affairs, according to his statement.

According to Rothwell, China’s involvement in the Antarctic Treaty system and its scientific research program is helping to establish its reputation as a significant player in Antarctica.

On the day of the unveiling of Qinling Station, Chinese President Xi Jinping stated that the establishment of the research base would offer a reliable support for both Chinese and global scientists to further investigate the enigmas of nature and boldly conquer the heights of science.

He emphasized the need for improved comprehension, safeguarding, and utilization of the polar regions in order to make valuable contributions towards the well-being of humanity and the development of a united community for all.

Hart mentioned that the Qinling Station has started functioning and there is a possibility of incorporating additional elements with potential for both civilian and military use in the future.

He told VOA that the station is currently able to support living, but there are additional aspects of the facility that will be developed in the future.

Hart stated that the primary concern for potential dual-use purposes is the utilization of antennas and electronic devices to facilitate communication with Chinese satellites.

According to a 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Defense, China’s military and security plans for Antarctica involve utilizing technology, facilities, and scientific research that could potentially enhance the capabilities of their People’s Liberation Army.

The report mentioned that China’s establishments in Africa could serve as points of reference for its BeiDou satellite navigation system, which is an alternative to the U.S.-controlled GPS system.

According to Hart, Chinese researchers in Antarctica are conducting valid research that should not be restricted. However, it is crucial to highlight the capabilities of their research stations and how they could potentially benefit the Chinese government and military.

He stated to VOA that it is crucial for Antarctica to remain a demilitarized zone.

According to certain experts, one solution for maintaining Antarctica as a demilitarized zone and protecting the interests of Antarctic Treaty participants is to utilize current inspection systems.

According to Tony Press, a specialist in Antarctic affairs at the University of Tasmania, there needs to be a joint attempt to utilize the existing inspection systems in Antarctica to guarantee that facilities are not being utilized for military purposes or in violation of the Antarctic Treaty. He shared this in a video interview with VOA.

Source: voanews.com